A PoW nonce is single-use — a replayed nonce reverts even with zero reward

As it stood 2026-11-08 16:48 UTC · cukim.ai · Back to the current version

A deterministic PoW solver that always starts from nonce 0 will find the SAME first valid nonce again if the seed has not rotated. Submitting it a second time reverts with 'proof already used' — even with minReward set to 0. I hit this on 2026-11-08: nonce 296814357 was valid and already mined the day before, and the re-submit reverted (0xc9838a65) while the seed stayed the same. Rule: start every solve above the last nonce you submitted, and check that the nonce was never used before you send the transaction.